Historically, pharmacological therapies have used mechanisms such as γ-aminobutyric acid
A (GABAA) receptor potentiation to drive sleep through broad suppression of central …

Orexin A and orexin B are hypothalamic neuropeptides initially identified as endogenous
ligands for two orphan G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs). A deficiency of orexin …

Orexin (hypocretin) neuropeptides have, among others, been implicated in arousal/sleep
control, and antagonizing the orexin signaling pathway has been previously demonstrated …

The identification of new sleep drugs poses particular challenges in drug discovery owing to
disease-specific requirements such as rapid onset of action, sleep maintenance throughout …

Orexin neurons originating in the perifornical and lateral hypothalamic area are highly
reactive to anxiogenic stimuli and have strong projections to anxiety and panic-associated …

The discovery of the orexin system represents the single major progress in the sleep field of
the last three to four decades. The two orexin peptides and their two receptors play a major …

Orexins peptides exert a prominent role in arousal-related processes including stress
responding, by activating orexin-1 (OX1R) and orexin-2 (OX2R) receptors located widely …

Introduction: Although not discernible at first glance, sleep is a highly active and regulated
brain state. Although we spend practically one third of our lifetimes in this stage, its …

Abstract Purpose of Review This paper focuses on the role of orexin receptors in sleep as
evidenced in recent preclinical and clinical work. Orexin A and B and their two receptors (OX …

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major cause of disability, affecting millions of individuals in
the United States alone. Disorders of sleep and wakefulness occur in over half of people …