Amphetamine-related drugs, such as 3, 4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) and
methamphetamine (METH), are popular recreational psychostimulants. Several preclinical …

Background Methamphetamine use and stroke are significant public health problems.
Strokes among people aged below 45 years are much less common than in older age …

Addiction is a chronic, relapsing disease of the brain that includes drug-induced compulsive
seeking behavior and consumption of drugs. Dopamine (DA) is considered to be critical in …

Toxic leukoencephalopathy (TL) is a disorder of brain white matter caused by exposure to
leukotoxic agents. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can readily identify this syndrome …

CTE has two prominent components: the pathophysiology that is detected in the brain
postmortem and the symptomology that is present in the interval between retirement and …

The hippocampus is a vulnerable brain structure susceptible to damage during aging and
chronic stress. Repeated exposure to opioids may alter the brain so that it functions normally …

The histopathological features of leucoencephalopathy caused by illicit drugs (such as
opioids and cocaine) are well documented in acute cases but not in longsurvival cases …

Objective: There is a reasonable theoretical base for understanding the possible causes and
motivations behind substance misuse and its dependency. There is a need for a reliable and …

A large number of neurotoxins have been linked with secondary parkinsonism including
metals, organic solvents and illicit drugs (Table 21.1). Manganese was the first substance …

Background: Methamphetamine is a well-known psychostimulant, which exerts its influence
on the central nervous system. To identify the changes caused by this drug at the molecular …