Plant's secondary metabolites such as flavonoids, terpenoids, and alkaloids etc. are known
for their role in the defense against various insects-pests of plants and for medicinal benefits …

Precise timing of flowering is critical to crop adaptation and productivity in a given
environment. A number of classical E genes controlling flowering time and maturity have …

Male sterility caused by long‐term high‐temperature (HT) stress occurs widely in crops.
Micro RNA s (mi RNA s), a class of endogenous non‐coding small RNA s, play an important …

Background MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small non-coding RNAs that play important
roles in biotic and abiotic stresses by regulating their target genes. For common wheat …

Litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) is an important subtropical fruit in southern China and the fruit
pericarp has attractive red skin at maturity, which is provided by anthocyanins accumulation …

Germ cells are indispensable carriers of genetic information from one generation to the next.
In contrast to the well-understood process in animals, information on the mechanism of germ …

Background The SQUAMOSA promoter binding protein-like (SPL) proteins are plant-specific
transcription factors (TFs) that function in a variety of developmental processes including …

Key message MiR529a affects rice panicle architecture by targeting OsSPL2, OsSPL14 and
OsSPL17 genes that could regulate their downstream panicle related genes. Abstract The …

MicroRNAs are critical players of post-transcriptional gene regulation with profound effects
on the fundamental processes of cellular life. Their identification and characterization …

Background Hybrid vigor is highly valued in the agricultural industry. Male sterility is an
important trait for crop breeding. Pollen development is under strict control of both …