The concentration and distribution of water in the Earth has influenced its evolution
throughout its history. Even at the trace levels contained in the planet's deep interior (mantle …

As subducting plates reach the base of the upper mantle, some appear to flatten and
stagnate, while others seemingly go through unimpeded. This variable resistance to slab …

The Earth formed by accretion of Moon-to Mars-size embryos coming from various
heliocentric distances. The isotopic nature of these bodies is unknown. However, taking …

It has long been recognized that Earth and other differentiated planetary bodies are
chemically fractionated compared to primitive, chondritic meteorites and, by inference, the …

Understanding the origin of volatile element variations in the inner Solar System has long
been a goal of cosmochemistry, but many early studies searching for the fingerprint of …

A number of distinct methodologies are available for determining the oxygen isotope
composition of minerals and rocks, these include laser-assisted fluorination, secondary ion …

The Earth and other rocky planets and planetesimals in the solar system formed through the
mixing of materials from various radial locations in the solar nebula. This primordial material …

The Earth was born as a dry planet without atmosphere and ocean components at 4.56 Ga,
with subsequent secondary accretion of bio-elements, such as carbon (C), hydrogen (H) …

Solar photospheric abundances of refractory elements mirror the Earth's to within∼ 10 mol%
when normalized to the dominant terrestrial-planet-forming elements Mg, Si, and Fe. This …

Zinc metal–silicate fractionation provides experimental access to the conditions of core
formation and Zn has been used to estimate the S contents of the Earth's core and of the …