The quest for a licensed effective vaccine against malaria remains a global priority. Even
though classical vaccine design strategies have been successful for some viral and bacterial …

The pathogenesis of infectious diseases depends on the interaction of host and pathogen. In
Plasmodium falciparum malaria, host and parasite processes can be assessed by dual RNA …

CD4+ Th cell differentiation is crucial for protecting against blood-stage Plasmodium
parasites, the causative agents of malaria. It has been known for decades that more than …

The outcome of intracellular parasitic infection can be determined by the immunoregulatory
activities of natural regulatory CD4+ Foxp3+ T (Treg) cells and the anti-inflammatory …

The immune response of malaria patients is a main factor influencing the clinical severity of
malaria. A tight regulation of the CD4+ T cell response or the induction of tolerance have …

Abstract Background Asymptomatic Plasmodium infections are characterized by the
absence of clinical disease and the ability to restrict parasite replication. Increasing levels of …

ABSTRACT Interleukin-10 (IL-10)-producing regulatory B (Breg) cells were found to be
induced in a variety of infectious diseases. However, its importance in the regulation of …

The efficiency of the immune system has been shaped throughout the evolutionary process
allowing adaptations. In a Plasmodium vivax infection, the host attempts to develop an …

Background Plasmodium falciparum may evade complement-mediated host defense by
hijacking complement Factor H (FH), a negative regulator of the alternative complement …

Individuals living in malaria endemic areas become clinically immune after multiple re-
infections over time and remain infected without apparent symptoms. However, it is unclear …