Background People with multiple sclerosis (MS) are confronted with a number of important
uncertainties concerning many aspects of the disease. These include diagnosis, prognosis …

In the 1990s, the first disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) for multiple sclerosis (MS) were
injectable immunomodulatory (IM) drugs, including four different interferon-β preparations …

1Queen Square MS Centre, Department of Neuroinflammation, UCL Queen Square Institute
of Neurology, London, UK; 2National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen …

Background and purpose To assess long‐term treatment effectiveness of disease‐modifying
therapy (DMT) initiated early in disease course versus later treatment start. Methods We …

Ocrelizumab (Ocrevus®) is a humanized anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody approved for the
treatment of adults with relapsing multiple sclerosis (RMS) or primary progressive multiple …

Background A broad range of disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) for relapsing–remitting
multiple sclerosis (RRMS) is available. However, the efficacy and safety of traditional DMTs …

The management and treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS) is becoming more and more
complex as many medications are now available, with different routes of administration …

Cladribine is a deoxyadenosine analogue prodrug that preferentially depletes lymphocytes,
key cells underlying multiple sclerosis (MS) pathogenesis. Cladribine tablets (Mavenclad®) …

The expanding therapeutic arsenal in multiple sclerosis (MS) has allowed for more effective
and personalized treatment, but the choice and management of disease-modifying therapies …

Despite established sex differences in multiple sclerosis (MS) risk and course, sex-specific
efficacy and toxicity of existing MS therapies, and possible sex-specific therapeutic …