Given the constantly improving cost and speed of genome sequencing, it is reasonable to
expect that personal genomes will soon be known for many millions of humans. This stands …

Influenza remains a persistent public health challenge, because the rapid evolution of
influenza viruses has led to marginal vaccine efficacy, antiviral resistance, and the annual …

A central question in genetics and evolution is the extent to which the outcomes of mutations
change depending on the genetic context in which they occur,–. Pairwise interactions …

A fitness landscape (FL) describes the genotype–fitness relationship in a given environment.
To explain and predict evolution, it is imperative to measure the FL in multiple environments …

Much of gene regulation is carried out by proteins that bind DNA or RNA molecules at
specific sequences. One class of such proteins is transcription factors, which bind short DNA …

Recent advances in high-throughput technologies are bringing the study of empirical
genotype-phenotype (GP) maps to the fore. Here, we use data from protein-binding …

Where convenient phenotypic readouts are available, saturation mutagenesis coupled to
deep sequencing provides a rapid and facile method to infer sequence determinants of …

Highlights•Quantification of the experimental fitness effects for thousands of
mutations.•Views into the biophysics of protein folding and function.•Mechanisms of …

Background Mutation rates vary across the genome. Many trans factors that influence
mutation rates have been identified, as have specific sequence motifs at the 1–7-bp scale …

Information that regulates gene expression is encoded throughout each gene but if different
regulatory regions can be understood in isolation, or if they interact, is unknown. Here we …