Ocean acidification and warming are co-occurring stressors, yet their effects on early life
stages of large pelagic fishes are not well known. Here, we determined the effects of …

This study (1) investigated variation among populations and the effects of sex and body size
on boldness, activity and shoal-association tendency among wild zebrafish, and (2) tested …

Farmed fish are typically reared at densities much higher than those observed in the wild,
but to what extent crowding results in abnormal behaviours that can impact welfare and …

Behavioural consistency within and across behaviours (animal personality and behavioural
syndrome, respectively) has been vigorously studied in the last decade, leading to the …

Establishing behavioural repeatability is important in animal personality research; however,
a range of factors can influence repeatability. Experimental design, particularly acclimation …

Consistent individual differences in behavioral tendencies (animal personality) can affect
individual mate choice decisions. We asked whether personality traits affect male and …

Although flexibility in behavior is adaptive, this flexibility is limited, and the extent of variation
and consistency of a trait could depend on the environment. In this study, we investigated …

In terrestrial environments, cold-blooded animals can attain higher body temperatures by
sun basking, and thereby potentially benefit from broader niches, improved performance …

Individual variation in the behavior of prey can influence predation risk in complex ways. We
ran individual roach (Rutilus rutilus), a common freshwater fish, through a standard refuge …

Neophobic predator avoidance allows prey to reduce the risk of predation but is costly in
terms of reduced foraging or courtship opportunities if the novel cues do not represent an …