The viscoelastic mucus secretions coating exposed organs such as the lung airways and the
female reproductive tract can trap and quickly eliminate not only foreign pathogens and …

Mucus is a complex hydrogel that acts as a natural barrier to drug delivery at different
mucosal surfaces including the respiratory, gastrointestinal, and vaginal tracts. To elucidate …

To optimally penetrate biological hydrogels such as mucus and the tumor interstitial matrix,
nanoparticles (NPs) require physicochemical properties that would typically preclude …

Oral drug administration is widely adopted for diverse drugs and is convenient to use due to
the capability of reaching different parts of the body via the bloodstream. However, it is …

The mucosa of the gastrointestinal tract, eyes, nose, lungs, cervix and vagina is lined by
epithelium interspersed with mucus-secreting goblet cells, all of which contribute to their …

Mucus selectively controls the transport of molecules, particulate matter, and
microorganisms to the underlying epithelial layer. It may be desirable to weaken the mucus …

Drug delivery via the rectum is a useful alternative route of administration to the oral route for
patients who cannot swallow. Traditional rectal dosage forms have been historically used for …

Although nanotechnology has been investigated during recent years to increase the
bioavailability and therapeutic effects of mucosal administrated drugs, numerous barriers …

Nanoparticles (NPs) for oral delivery of peptide/protein drugs are largely limited due to the
coexistence of intestinal mucus and epithelial barriers. Sequentially overcoming these two …

Highlights•Mucus filters particles based on size and surface chemistry.•Simple descriptors
like net charge are inadequate predictors for mucus interaction.•A variety of nanoparticle …