Millions of children are born each year with a birth defect. Many of these defects are caused
by environmental factors, although the underlying etiology is often unknown. In vivo …

In recent years, protocols have been established to differentiate stem and precursor cells
into more mature cell types. However, progress in this field has been hampered by …

Primary human hepatocytes (PHHs) remain the gold standard for in vitro testing in the field
of pharmacology and toxicology. One crucial parameter influencing the results of in vitro …

Valproic acid (VPA) is a very potent anti-cancer and neuro-protective drug probably by its
HDAC inhibiting properties, which may cause steatosis in the liver. The present study …

Measuring electrical activity of neural networks by microelectrode array (MEA) has recently
shown promise for screening level assessments of chemical toxicity on network …

It is widely accepted that human brain development has unique features that cannot be
represented by rodents. Obvious reasons are the evolutionary distance and divergent …

Transcriptomics is developing into an invaluable tool in toxicology. The aim of this study
was, using a transcriptomics approach, to identify genes that respond similar to many …

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) represents a wide spectrum of disease, ranging
from simple fatty liver through steatosis with inflammation and necrosis to cirrhosis. One of …

The goal of this review was the evaluation of information on assessment methods in the field
of alternative neurotoxicity (NT) testing. We therefore performed a systematic and …

Developmental neurotoxicity (DNT) may be induced when chemicals disturb a key
neurodevelopmental process, and many tests focus on this type of toxicity. Alternatively …