Immune checkpoint blockade is able to induce durable responses across multiple types of
cancer, which has enabled the oncology community to begin to envision potentially curative …

Harnessing an antitumor immune response has been a fundamental strategy in cancer
immunotherapy. For over a century, efforts have primarily focused on amplifying immune …

Melanoma, a skin cancer associated with high mortality rates, is highly radio-and
chemotherapy resistant but can also be very immunogenic. These circumstances have led to …

Side Effects of Immune Checkpoint Blockade The wide range of immune-related adverse
effects associated with immune checkpoint blockade can complicate this effective therapy …

Melanoma represents the most aggressive and the deadliest form of skin cancer. Current
therapeutic approaches include surgical resection, chemotherapy, photodynamic therapy …

CD28 and CTLA-4 are members of a family of immunoglobulin-related receptors that are
responsible for various aspects of T-cell immune regulation. The family includes CD28 …

Insulin-dependent diabetes may occur in patients with cancers who are treated with
checkpoint inhibitors (CPIs). We reviewed cases occurring over a 6-year period at two …

Importance If not promptly recognized, endocrine dysfunction can be life threatening. The
incidence and risk of developing such adverse events (AEs) following the use of immune …

Immune-checkpoint inhibitors targeting cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4),
programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1), or programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (PD-L1) have …

The success of tumor immunotherapy targeting the inhibitory co-receptors PD-1 and CTLA-4
has indicated that many other co-receptors might be potential druggable targets, despite …