Volcanic plumes are turbulent mixtures of particles and gas which are injected into the
atmosphere during a volcanic eruption. Depending on the intensity of the eruption, plumes …

Dilute gas‐particle mixtures in which the particles are carried by the turbulent fluid are found
in various geophysical contexts, from cold snow avalanches to hot pyroclastic density …

The turbulent entrainment of atmosphere and the condensation of water vapor govern the
heights of explosive volcanic plumes. These processes thus determine the delivery and the …

Quantification of volcanic plume parameters is a fundamental task to characterize the
behavior of an active volcano. The volcanic plume mass, flow rate and ash injection were …

Explosive volcanic eruptions produce high-velocity turbulent jets that can form either a
stable buoyant Plinian column or a collapsing fountain producing pyroclastic density …

The scenarios leading to column collapse during explosive volcanic eruptions are diverse
because of their complex dependence on geological and petrological factors. In a …

The critical condition at which an eruption column collapses to generate a pyroclastic flow
(the column collapse condition) generally depends on magmatic properties, crater shape …

Volcanic plumes rising above the tropopause inject SO₂ directly into the stratosphere,
where it forms sulfate aerosols that modulate Earth's radiative balance. Stratospheric …

The scenarios leading to column collapse during explosive volcanic eruptions are diverse
because of their complex dependence on geological and petrological factors. In a …