Executive summary Although health outcomes have improved in low-income and middle-
income countries (LMICs) in the past several decades, a new reality is at hand. Changing …

Performance-based financing (PBF) schemes have been expanding rapidly across low and
middle income countries in the past decade, with considerable external financing from …

Introduction Performance-based financing (PBF) has acquired increased prominence as a
means of reforming health system purchasing structures in low-income and middle-income …

Background Payment for performance (P4P) strategies, which provide financial incentives to
health workers and/or facilities for reaching pre-defined performance targets, can improve …

Abstract Universal Health Coverage is one of the Sustainable Development Goal targets.
But coverage without quality health services limits benefits to populations. Performance …

Pay‐for‐performance programs are introduced in an increasing number of low‐and middle‐
income countries with the goal of reducing maternal and child mortality and morbidity …

Background Results-based financing (RBF) describes health system approaches
addressing both service quality and use. Effective coverage is a metric measuring progress …

Background Performance-based financing (PBF) in the health sector has recently gained
momentum in low-and middle-income countries (LMICs) as one of the ways forward for …

► Notably, PBF was initiated in Rwanda, jointly by African and European experts—but we
acknowledge that in our countries, PBF benefits from financial and technical leadership by …

Background Pay for Performance (P4P) mechanisms to health facilities and providers have
been implemented in several low-and middle-income countries (LMIC) to improve maternal …