Resistant hypertension (RH) is defined as above-goal elevated blood pressure (BP) in a
patient despite the concurrent use of 3 antihypertensive drug classes, commonly including a …

As early as the 1920s, and subsequently in the 1959 Build and Blood Pressure Study (S1. 5-
1) of almost 5 million adults insured between 1934 and 1954, a strong direct relationship …

Aims The expression of GADD153 (growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible gene 153), an
apoptosis-regulated gene, increases during endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. How …

The American Diabetes Association (ADA)“Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes” includes
ADA's current clinical practice recommendations and is intended to provide the components …

Cardiorenal syndromes have been categorized into 5 clinical subtypes based on which
organ is perceived to be the primary precipitant of the vicious and interrelated cycle of …

Background Essential arterial hypertension is one of the main treatable cardiovascular risk
factors. In Germany, approximately 13% of women and 18% of men have uncontrolled high …

Primary aldosteronism is characterized by aldosterone secretion that is independent of renin
and angiotensin II and sodium status. The deleterious effects of primary aldosteronism are …

Background In the PATHWAY-2 study of resistant hypertension, spironolactone reduced
blood pressure substantially more than conventional antihypertensive drugs. We did three …

The aim of this study is to compare spironolactone versus clonidine as the fourth drug in
patients with resistant hypertension in a multicenter, randomized trial. Medical therapy …

The American Diabetes Association (ADA)“Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes” includes
ADA's current clinical practice recommendations and is intended to provide the components …