Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common causes of cancer deaths worldwide and
the number of CRC patients is increasing progressively. Despite the improvement of the …

Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) signaling is one of the important cellular pathways
that play key roles for tissue maintenance. In particular, it is important in the context of …

The emergence of disseminated metastases remains the primary cause of mortality in
cancer patients. Formation of the pre-metastatic niche (PMN), which precedes the …

Chemokines play a key role in orchestrating the recruitment and positioning of myeloid cells
within the tumor microenvironment. However, the tropism regulation and functions of these …

Purpose: SMAD4 is a key transcriptional factor of TGFβ signaling and acts as a tumor
suppressor in colorectal cancer. In the present study, we explored the immunologic effect of …

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a subgroup of tumor cells that are characterized by their tumor
initiating capacity, low proliferation rate, self-renewal capacity, pluripotency and …

Background BMP3 gene is often found hypermethylated and hence inactivated in several
types of cancers including colorectal cancer (CRC), indicating that it has a suppressor role in …

Purpose Although neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR),
monocyte count, and Glasgow prognostic score (GPS) are well-known prognostic markers in …

The aberrant expression of tumor suppressor Smad4 often occurs in colorectal cancer
(CRC), and this phenomenon is believed to be associated with drug resistance. The present …

Background: Chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis (CHP) is characterized by lymphocytic
inflammation and progressive fibrosis of the lung caused by a variety of inhaled antigens …