The primary aim of this viewpoint article is to examine recent literature on fetal and neonatal
processing of music. In particular, we examine the behavioral, neurophysiological, and …

In animals, the sound vibrations are captured by the auditory cells, then transformed into
electrical signals and conveyed to the nervous centers where they can be interpreted such …

Mismatch negativity (MMN) is the electrophysiological change-detection response of the
brain. MMN is stimulated when there is any discernible change to a repetitive sequence of …

Purpose Noise, a common physical hazard in many workplaces, may affect different aspects
of human cognitive function. In this study, the effect of exposure to noise on some aspects of …

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is known to mediate activity-dependent changes in
the developing auditory system. Its expression in the brainstem auditory nuclei, auditory …

Prolonged or intense exposure to environmental noise (EN) has been associated with a
number of changes in auditory organs as well as other brain structures. Notably, males and …

In order to explore the effects of combined traffic noise (CTN) on learning and memory
function, young Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were exposed to CTN from highway and high …

Maternal stress may affect the fetal auditory system than direct sound exposure. The
objective of this study was to evaluate the role of prenatal stress due to high-decibel (dB) …

Transformer noise is a type of environmental sound that causes discomfort to individuals.
The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of relatively long‑term periods of …

Indonesia is categorized as middle human development index. One of the causes is the
fluent ignorance of brain growth and development during 1000 days of life period. This …