Rising atmospheric oxygen (O2) levels provided a selective pressure for the evolution of O2‐
dependent micro‐organisms that began with the autotrophic eukaryotes. Since these …

New Findings• What is the topic of this review? To explore the unique evolutionary origins of
the human brain and critically appraise its energy budget, including limits of oxygen and …

New Findings What is the central question of this study? What are the mechanisms
responsible for the decline in cognitive performance following exposure to acute normobaric …

High-altitude hypoxia (HH) causes a spectrum of pathophysiological effects, including
headaches, gliovascular dysfunction, and cognitive slowing. Previous studies have shown …

Background: Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), a member of a family of atypical FGFs,
functions as cytokine to control endocrinology and metabolism. Recently, the roles of FGF21 …

Pelvic radiotherapy has been frequently reported to cause acute and late onset
gastrointestinal (GI) toxicities associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Although …

Key points Sherpa have lived in the Nepal Himalaya for 25–40 thousand years and display
positive physiological adaptations to hypoxia. Sherpa have previously been demonstrated to …

Animals that lived at high altitudes have evolved distinctive physiological traits that allow
them to tolerate extreme high-altitude environment, including higher hemoglobin …

Highly valued across the world by genetic counsellors, medical geneticists and other
healthcare professionals, Harper's Practical Genetic Counselling has established itself over …

Positive expiratory pressure (PEP) has been shown to limit hypoxia-induced reduction in
arterial oxygen saturation, but its effectiveness on systemic and cerebral adaptations …