Galls are modified, invariably symmetrical, naturally developing plant structures that arise
because of messages from certain specialist insects, mostly from the Thysanoptera …

The latitudinal diversity gradient (LDG), or the trend of higher species richness at lower
latitudes, has been well documented in multiple groups of free‐living organisms …

Fluctuating asymmetry (FA), a widely used measure of developmental instability in plants
and animals, which describes random differences in size and/or shape between the two …

The organization of gall-inducing insect communities can be affected by environmental
factors and host plant traits that may operate at different spatial scales. Using Copaifera …

1. How herbivore plant diversity relationships are shaped by the interplay of biotic and
abiotic environmental variables is only partly understood. For instance, plant diversity is …

In the present study, we inventoried gall-inducing arthropod species and evaluated the
effects of habitat anthropization, vegetation structure and seasonality on this group in areas …

Plant galls sustain diverse and complex communities of gallers, parasitoids and inquilines
that provide exceptional systems to explore evolutionary, ecological and conservation …

This chapter considers the numerous small animals that often escape attention, but which
may have effects on savanna functioning no less marked than that of large herbivores. It also …

Leaves as main locations of photosynthesis show various adaptations of morphological and
anatomical traits to habitat conditions. By implication, leaf traits of fossil dicotyledonous …

Galls are atypical plant growths that provide nourishment, shelter, and protection to the
inducer or its progeny. Fruit and flowers are poorly represented as host organs for galling …