Neuroinflammation is a physiological protective response in the context of infection and
injury. However, neuroinflammation, especially if chronic, may also drive …

Microglia are the principle immune cells of the brain. Once activated, microglial cells may
exhibit a wide repertoire of the context-dependent profiles ranging from highly neurotoxic to …

Stress has an impact on the brain and the body. A growing literature demonstrates that
feedback between the peripheral immune system and the brain contributes to individual …

The female brain is highly dynamic and can fundamentally remodel throughout the normal
ovarian cycle as well as in critical life stages including perinatal development, pregnancy …

Accumulation of mutated superoxide dismutase 1 (mSOD1) in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
(ALS) involves injury to motor neurons (MNs), activation of glial cells and immune …

Subarachnoid hemorrhage resulting from intracranial aneurysms (IAs) is associated with
high rates of morbidity and mortality. Although trigger mechanisms in the pathogenesis of …

Several neurologic diseases exhibit different prevalence and severity in males and females,
highlighting the importance of understanding the influence of biologic sex and gender …

Background Conflicting findings on the effects of garlic supplementation on inflammatory
biomarkers have been observed in randomized clinical trials (RCTs). Objectives The aim of …

Local production of estrogen rapidly follows brain tissue injury, but the role this hormone
plays in regulating the response to neural damage or in the modulation of mediators …

Microglia are essential to sculpting the developing brain, and they achieve this in part
through the process of phagocytosis which is regulated by microenvironmental signals …