Akt is a serine/threonine kinase and it participates in the key role of the PI3K signaling
pathway. The Akt can be activated by a wide range of growth signals and the biochemical …

Nitric oxide (NO) is a small free radical with critical signaling roles in physiology and
pathophysiology. The generation of sufficient NO levels to regulate the resistance of the …

NADPH oxidases (NOX) are enzyme complexes that have received much attention as key
molecules in the development of vascular dysfunction. NOX have the primary function of …

To maintain physiological homeostasis, cell turnover occurs every day in the body via a form
of programmed cell death called apoptosis. During apoptosis, cells undergo distinct …

Glucocorticoid (GC) anti-inflammatory effects generally require a prolonged onset of action
and involve genomic processes. Because of the rapidity of some of the GC effects, however …

The Global Burden of Disease Study identified cardiovascular risk factors as leading causes
of global deaths and life years lost. Endothelial dysfunction represents a pathomechanism …

Obesity is increasingly prevalent and is associated with substantial cardiovascular risk.
Adipose tissue distribution and morphology play a key role in determining the degree of …

Hypertension is a primary risk factor for cardiovascular diseases including myocardial
infarction and stroke. Major determinants of blood pressure are vasodilatory factors such as …

Endothelial NOS (eNOS), and its product NO, are vital components of the control of
vasomotor function and cardiovascular homeostasis. In the present review, we will take a …

Objective—In response to tissue injury, the appropriate progression of events in
angiogenesis is controlled by a careful balance between pro and antiangiogenic factors. We …