Prediabetes is a state of elevated plasma glucose in which the threshold for diabetes has
not yet been reached and can predispose to the development of type 2 diabetes and …

Background The effects of sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors on kidney
failure, particularly the need for dialysis or transplantation or death due to kidney disease, is …

Summary Each year, the American Heart Association (AHA), in conjunction with the National
Institutes of Health and other government agencies, brings together in a single document the …

Approximately half of the patients with signs and symptoms of heart failure have a left
ventricular ejection fraction that is not markedly abnormal. Despite the historically initial …

Although there has been substantial improvement in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease
(ASCVD) outcomes in recent decades, ASCVD remains the leading cause of morbidity and …

Cardiorenal syndrome encompasses a spectrum of disorders involving both the heart and
kidneys in which acute or chronic dysfunction in 1 organ may induce acute or chronic …

The vast majority of acute heart failure episodes are characterized by increasing symptoms
and signs of congestion with volume overload. The goal of therapy in those patients is the …

2019 ACC/AHA Guideline on the Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease: A Report of
the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical …

The European Society of Cardiology (ESC) has published a series of guidelines on heart
failure (HF) over the last 25 years, most recently in 2016. Given the amount of new …

Importance Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is the 16th leading cause of years of life lost
worldwide. Appropriate screening, diagnosis, and management by primary care clinicians …