Biomineralization is a process in which organic matter and inorganic matter combine with
each other under the regulation of living organisms. Because of the biomineralization …

Ocean acidification (OA), from seawater uptake of anthropogenic CO2, has a suite of
negative effects on the ability of marine invertebrates to produce and maintain their …

Molluscs comprise the second largest phylum of animals (after arthropods), occurring in
virtually all habitats. Some are commercially important, a few are pests and some carry …

Many marine organisms rely on calcified hard parts to resist predation, and ocean
acidification (OA) affects calcification negatively. However, calcification-related …

Increasing anthropogenic carbon dioxide is predicted to cause declines in ocean pH and
calcium carbonate saturation state over the coming centuries, making it potentially harder for …

Atmospheric pCO 2 has increased since the industrial revolution leading to a lowering of the
ocean surface water pH, a phenomenon called ocean acidification (OA). OA is claimed to be …

Humans are changing the physical properties of Earth. In marine systems, elevated carbon
dioxide concentrations are driving notable shifts in temperature and seawater chemistry …

Such as many other reef organisms, giant clams are today confronted to global change
effects and can suffer mass bleaching or mortality events mainly related to abnormally high …

Oceanography and Marine Biology: An Annual Review remains one of the most cited
sources in marine science and oceanography. The ever increasing interest in work in …

Pearl farming is part of Hong Kong's maritime heritage. Its history in the territory can be
traced back irregularly for over a millennium, focussed on what was then known as the Tai …