Randomized controlled trial is widely accepted as the best design for evaluating the efficacy
of a new treatment because of the advantages of randomization (random allocation) …

Background Systematic pelvic and paraaortic lymphadenectomy has been widely used in
the surgical treatment of patients with advanced ovarian cancer, although supporting …

“… The customary test for an observed difference… is based on an enumeration of the
probabilities, on the initial hypothesis that two treatments do not differ in their effects,… of all …

This paper studies inference in randomized controlled trials with covariate‐adaptive
randomization when there are multiple treatments. More specifically, we study in this setting …

Incidence rates are counts divided by person-time; mortality rates are a well-known
example. Analysis of Incidence Rates offers a detailed discussion of the practical aspects of …

We present a procedure that divides a set of experimental units into two groups that are
similar on a prespecified set of covariates and are almost as random as with a complete …

As randomization methods use more information in more complex ways to assign patients to
treatments, analysis of the resulting data becomes challenging. The treatment assignment …

In this paper we consider the two-armed bandit problem, which often naturally appears per
se or as a subproblem in some multi-armed generalizations, and serves as a starting point …

Equal randomization has been a popular choice in clinical trial practice. However, in trials
with heterogeneous variances and/or variable treatment costs, as well as in settings where …

Outcome-adaptive randomization (OAR) has been proposed as a corrective to certain
ethical difficulties inherent in the traditional randomized clinical trial (RCT) using fixed-ratio …