Working memory is characterized by neural activity that persists during the retention interval
of delay tasks. Despite the ubiquity of this delay activity across tasks, species and …

Glia are abundant components of animal nervous systems. Recognized 170 years ago,
concerted attempts to understand these cells began only recently. From these investigations …

When a behavior repeatedly fails to achieve its goal, animals often give up and become
passive, which can be strategic for preserving energy or regrouping between attempts. It is …

Astrocytes are a major cell type in the mammalian nervous system, are in close proximity to
neurons, and show rich Ca 2+ activity thought to mediate cellular outputs. Astrocytes show …

Background/aims Current understanding of the alterations in the retinal vascular network in
neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSDs) is limited. We aim to assess the …

Glutamate-ammonia ligase (glutamine synthetase; Glul) is enriched in astrocytes and serves
as the primary enzyme for ammonia detoxification and glutamate inactivation in the brain …

Aim: In this work, we systematically explored the physiological functions of astrocytes and
their roles following ischemic stroke, additionally, the potential therapy strategy targeting the …

Glial cells and neuronal dendrites were historically assumed to be passive structures that
play only supportive physiological roles, with no active contribution to information …

Neurovascular coupling (NVC) underlying the local increase in blood flow during neural
activity forms the basis of functional brain imaging and is altered in epilepsy. Because …

Fasting is known to influence learning and memory in mice and alter the neural networks
that subserve these cognitive functions. We used high-resolution functional MRI to study the …