In the motor cortex, beta oscillations (∼ 12–30 Hz) are generally considered a principal
rhythm contributing to movement planning and execution. Beta oscillations cohabit and …

Cortical layers (L) 5 and 6 are populated by intermingled cell-types with distinct inputs and
downstream targets. Here, we made optogenetically guided recordings from L5 corticofugal …

The ability to group physical stimuli into behaviorally relevant categories is fundamental to
perception and cognition. Despite a large body of work on stimulus categorization at the …

Sensory stimuli can be recognized more rapidly when they are expected. This phenomenon
depends on expectation affecting the cortical processing of sensory information. However …

Neurons recorded in behaving animals often do not discernibly respond to sensory input
and are not overtly task-modulated. These non-classically responsive neurons are difficult to …

Prior experience enables the formation of expectations of upcoming sensory events.
However, in the auditory modality, it is not known whether prediction-related neural signals …

Learned behavioral responses to sounds depend largely on the expected outcomes
associated with each potential choice. Where and how the nervous system integrates …

Driving perception by direct activation of neural ensembles in cortex is a necessary step for
achieving a causal understanding of the neural code for auditory perception and developing …

Temporal orienting improves sensory processing, akin to other top–down biases. However,
it is unknown whether these improvements reflect increased neural gain to any stimuli …

The neural circuits underlying goal-directed sensorimotor transformations in the mammalian
brain are incompletely understood. Here, we compared the role of primary tongue-jaw motor …