Numerical models are important tools for understanding the processes and feedbacks in the
Earth system, including those involving changes in atmospheric CO 2 (CO 2, atm) …

The history of the carbon cycle is punctuated by enigmatic transient changes in the ocean's
store of carbon. Mass extinction is always accompanied by such a disruption, but most …

This study presents a method for estimating secondary phytoplankton pigments from satellite
ocean color observations. We first compiled a large training data set composed of 12,000 …

Past occurrences of widespread and severe anoxia in the ocean have frequently been
associated with abundant geological evidence for free hydrogen sulfide (H2S) in the water …

Fjords have been described as hotspots for carbon burial, potentially playing a key role
within the carbon cycle as climate regulators over multiple timescales. Nevertheless, little is …

Oceanic carbonate chemistry during the Cenozoic has affected the climatology, ecology,
and marine geology of our planet; yet, we have limited means to know the evolution of that …

The concentration of CO 2 in the atmosphere is sensitive to changes in the depth at which
sinking particulate organic matter is remineralized: often described as a change in the …

The isotopes of carbon (δ 13 C) and nitrogen (δ 15 N) are commonly used proxies for
understanding the ocean. When used in tandem, they provide powerful insight into physical …

Seawater–sediment interaction is a crucial factor in carbon and nutrient cycling on a wide
range of spatial and temporal scales. This interaction is mediated not just through …

Seawater-sediment interaction is a crucial factor in the dynamics of carbon and nutrient
cycling on a wide range of spatial and temporal scales. This interaction is mediated not just …