Besides fast glucose catabolism, many types of cancers are characterized by elevated
glutamine consumption. Medical oncology pursuits to block specific pathways, mainly …

Far beyond simply being 11 of the 20 amino acids needed for protein synthesis, non-
essential amino acids play numerous important roles in tumor metabolism. These diverse …

Cancer cell metabolism is heavily influenced by microenvironmental factors, including
nutrient availability. Therefore, knowledge of microenvironmental nutrient levels is essential …

Currently available cell culture media may not reproduce the in vivo metabolic environment
of tumors. To demonstrate this, we compared the effects of a new physiological medium …

Branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) catabolism and high levels of enzymes in the BCAA
metabolic pathway have recently been shown to be associated with cancer growth and …

Cysteine acts both as a building unit for protein translation and as the limiting substrate for
glutathione synthesis to support the cellular antioxidant system. In addition to transporter …

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) shows great cellular heterogeneity, with
pronounced epithelial and mesenchymal cancer cell populations. However, the cellular …

Cells are subjected to oxidative stress during the initiation and progression of tumors, and
this imposes selective pressure for cancer cells to adapt mechanisms to tolerate these …

Glutamine is thought to play an important role in cancer cells by being deaminated via
glutaminolysis to α-ketoglutarate (aKG) to fuel the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. Supporting …

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are chemically active free radicals produced by partial
reduction of oxygen that can activate discrete signaling pathways or disrupt redox …