Among the neurotransmitters involved in addiction, dopamine (DA) is clearly the best known.
The critical role of DA in addiction is supported by converging evidence that has been …

Behavioral sensitization to repeated psychostimulant administration has been proposed to
reflect many of the neurochemical and behavioral changes that are characteristic of a range …

Aim To identify differences in brain morphology between dependent and non‐dependent
male anabolic–androgenic steroid (AAS) users. Design This study used cross‐sectional …

Mainstream teleosemantics is the view that mental representation should be understood in
terms of biological functions, which, in turn, should be understood in terms of selection …

Alcohol abuse leads to aberrant forms of emotionally salient memory, ie, limbic memory, that
promote escalated alcohol consumption and relapse. Accordingly, activity-dependent …

Chronic pain is a massive socieoeconomic burden and is often refractory to treatment. To
devise novel therapeutic interventions, it is important to understand in detail the processing …

Methamphetamine (METH) is a powerfully addictive psychostimulant that has a pronounced
effect on the central nervous system (CNS). The present study aimed to assess METH …

Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 (Rac1), a member of the Rho GTPase family
which plays important roles in dendritic spine morphology and plasticity, is a key regulator of …

Although attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is associated with deficits in
docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), an omega-3 fatty acid implicated in dopamine and glutamate …

Small fluctuations in striatal glutamate and dopamine are required to establish goal‐directed
behaviors and motor learning, while large changes appear to underlie many …