Cancer immunotherapies targeting adaptive immune checkpoints have substantially
improved patient outcomes across multiple metastatic and treatment-refractory cancer types …

Heart failure is a consequence of various cardiovascular diseases and associated with poor
prognosis. Despite progress in the treatment of heart failure in the past decades, prevalence …

Background It is unclear whether plant-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) can mediate
interspecies communication with mammalian cells. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) …

Asthma is chronic inflammation of the airways characterized by airway hyper-
responsiveness, wheezing, cough, and dyspnea. Asthma affects> 350 million people …

Toll‐like receptors (TLRs) are germline‐encoded receptors that are central to innate and
adaptive immune responses. Owing to their vital role in inflammation, TLRs are rational …

Exosomes and microvesicles are two major categories of extracellular vesicles (EVs)
released by almost all cell types and are highly abundant in biological fluids. Both the …

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are recognized as one of the most common infectious
diseases in the world that can be divided to different types. Uropathogenic Escherichia coli …

Acute kidney injury (AKI) due to renal ischemia reperfusion (IR) is a major clinical problem
without effective therapy and is a significant and frequent cause of morbidity and mortality …

Berberine and metformin, both established pharmaceutical agents with herbal origins, have
incidental beneficial effects on multiple diseases, including diabetes. These effects have …

Background: Psoriasis is a common, chronic inflammatory skin disorder, which can
significantly impact quality of life. Despite major breakthroughs in our understanding of the …