Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are a novel class of immunotherapy drugs that have
improved the treatment of a broad spectrum of cancers as metastatic melanoma, non-small …

Renal toxicities have been increasingly recognized as complications of the immune
checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). Recent studies have outlined the incidence and potential risk …

Background Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICPi) are a novel and promising anti-cancer
therapy. There are limited data on the incidence, risk factors and outcomes of acute kidney …

Background Programmed cell death receptor ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibitors are immune
checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) with a side effect profile that may differ from other classes of ICIs …

Cancer patients have an incidence of about 60% kidney disease development and are at
elevated risk of acute renal damage. Kidney disease in these patients is frequently …

The main cause of acute kidney injury in patients receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors
(ICIs) is acute interstitial nephritis. However, as their use continues to increase, other kidney …

Anti–programmed cell death-1 receptor/programmed cell death-1 receptor ligand–directed
therapies are transforming cancer care, with durable antitumor responses observed in …

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) such as nivolumab and ipilimumab have improved
outcomes in metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) patients, but they are also associated …

Background Immune checkpoint inhibitors have reshaped the standard of care in oncology.
However, they have been associated with potentially life-threatening immune-related …

Hyponatremia is a common electrolyte disorder observed in a wide variety of malignancies
and is associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. Newer cancer therapies have …