COVID-19 is primarily a respiratory disease but up to two thirds of hospitalised patients show
evidence of central nervous system (CNS) damage, predominantly ischaemic, in some …

Penile erection is a perfect example of microcirculation modulated by psychological factors
and hormonal status. It is the result of a complex neurovascular process that involves the …

There are several risk factors for worse outcomes in patients with coronavirus 2019 disease
(COVID‐19). Patients with hypertension appear to have a poor prognosis, but there is no …

The 1918 influenza killed approximately 50 million people in a few short years, and now, the
world is facing another pandemic. In December 2019, a novel coronavirus named severe …

The renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS) has been studied extensively, and with
the inclusion of novel components, it has become evident that the system is much more …

ACE2 is a receptor of entry of SARS-CoV-2 into the host cells, and its upregulation has been
implicated in increasing susceptibility of individuals to this infection. The clinical picture of …

Abstract Purpose of Review Diabetic retinopathy (DR), a leading cause of visual impairment
in the developed country, is characterized by vascular lesions and neuronal damage of the …

The renin–angiotensin system (RAS) is one of the oldest and most extensively studied
human peptide cascades, well-known for its role in regulating blood pressure. When …

The renin-angiotensin system, in both its circulating and local tissue roles, is intertwined with
multiple other regulatory and signalling mechanisms in various tissues and organ systems. It …

Objective: Elucidation of the role of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) 2
(ACE2)/angiotensin (Ang)-(1-7)/Mas receptor axis in heart failure is necessary. No previous …