The development of new CRISPR–Cas genome editing tools continues to drive major
advances in the life sciences. Four classes of CRISPR–Cas-derived genome editing agents …

The number and diversity of known CRISPR–Cas systems have substantially increased in
recent years. Here, we provide an updated evolutionary classification of CRISPR–Cas …

Bacterial Cas9 nucleases from type II CRISPR-Cas antiviral defence systems have been
repurposed as genome editing tools. Although these proteins are found in many microbes …

COVID-19, the human coronavirus disease caused by SARS-CoV-2, was reported for the
first time in Wuhan, China in late 2019. COVID-19 has no preventive vaccine or proven …

Type V CRISPR-Cas interference proteins use a single RuvC active site to make RNA-
guided breaks in double-stranded DNA substrates, an activity essential for both bacterial …

As a phenotypically and phylogenetically diverse group, lactic acid bacteria are found in a
variety of natural environments and occupy important roles in medicine, biotechnology, food …

The CRISPR‐Cas technologies derived from bacterial and archaeal adaptive immune
systems have emerged as a series of groundbreaking nucleic acid‐guided gene editing …

Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) is a family of DNA
direct repeats found in many prokaryotic genomes. It was discovered in bacteria as their …

The last few years have seen tremendous advances in CRISPR-mediated genome editing.
Great efforts have been made to improve the efficiency, specificity, editing window, and …

Cas12a enzymes are quickly being adopted for use in a variety of genome-editing
applications. These programmable nucleases are part of adaptive microbial immune …