Background The sinus node (SN) is the primary pacemaker of the heart. SN myocytes
possess distinctive action potential morphology with spontaneous diastolic depolarization …

Background The significance of endo‐epicardial asynchrony (EEA) and atrial conduction
block (CB), which play an important role in the pathophysiology of atrial fibrillation (AF) …

For various clinical/surgical procedures, it is important to accurately understand the location
of the sinuatrial node (SAN). Therefore, this study's goal was to develop a new and simple …

The duration of each cardiac cycle is measured on an ECG as the distance between the
peaks of consecutive R waves (RR interval), with the inverse value corresponding to the …

The superior vena cava (SVC) is one of the most common sites of non–pulmonary vein (PV)
foci in atrial fibrillation (AF), and SVC isolation is an established ablation strategy for AF …

Localization of the components of the cardiac conduction system (CCS) is essential for many
therapeutic procedures in cardiac surgery and interventional cardiology. While histological …

Heart rate (HR) is generated by sinoatrial node (SAN) intrinsic pacemaking and modulated
by autonomic innervation. Within the SAN, intrinsic (ex vivo) HR is determined by the mutual …

Abstract/Resumen Abstract Atrial arrhythmias are the most common cardiac arrhythmia,
affecting six million people in Europe and imposing a huge healthcare burden on society …

In this chapter the author discusses the anatomy and physiology of the sinus node; the
historical aspects of the sick sinus syndrome (SSS); its clinical manifestations, etiology …

Defects of cardiac impulse generation and conduction can occur at various levels in the
cardiac conduction system. Conduction disorders that lead to important bradycardia or …