Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) represent one of the main tumor-infiltrating immune
cell types and are generally categorized into either of two functionally contrasting subtypes …

NF-κB pathway consists of canonical and non-canonical pathways. The canonical NF-κB is
activated by various stimuli, transducing a quick but transient transcriptional activity, to …

Accumulating evidence shows that cellular and acellular components in tumor
microenvironment (TME) can reprogram tumor initiation, growth, invasion, metastasis, and …

Abstract The international American Joint Committee on Cancer/Union for International
Cancer Control (AJCC/UICC) tumour-node-metastasis (TNM) staging system provides the …

Neutrophils play a key role in defence against infection and in the activation and regulation
of innate and adaptive immunity. In cancer, tumour-associated neutrophils (TANs) have …

Autophagy, as a type II programmed cell death, plays crucial roles with autophagy-related
(ATG) proteins in cancer. Up to now, the dual role of autophagy both in cancer progression …

Advances in nanomedicine, including early cancer detection, targeted drug delivery, and
personalized approaches to cancer treatment are on the rise. For example, targeted drug …

Cholesterol metabolism produces essential membrane components as well as metabolites
with a variety of biological functions. In the tumour microenvironment, cell-intrinsic and cell …

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most common type of kidney cancer and comprises
several subtypes with unique characteristics. The most common subtype (~ 70% of cases) is …

Oncogenic KRAS mutations are the most frequent mutations in human cancer, but most
difficult to target. While sustained proliferation caused by oncogenic KRAS-downstream …