The transition from occasional to escalated psychostimulant use is accelerated by prior drug
exposure. These behavioral observations may be related to long-lasting transcriptional …

A current survey and synthesis of the most important findings in our understanding of the
neurobiological mechanisms of addiction are detailed in our Neurobiology of Addiction …

Glutamate, the main excitatory amino acid neurotransmitter in the CNS, has a large array of
normal physiological functions. Consequently, glutamate dysfunction has profound effects …

Previous work indicates that the infralimbic cortex (IL) mediates extinction learning and
actively suppresses cocaine-seeking during reinstatement, following cocaine self …

Majority of the drug molecules affects the circuit of the brain by releasing one or the other
type of chemical signals. This effect on brain wiring may alter the ability of an individual to …

Animals learn associations between environmental cues and the natural rewards they
predict (eg, food, water, sex). As a result, reward-predictive cues come to trigger vigorous …