The PI3K/AKT pathway is a key target in oncology where most efforts are focussed on
phenotypes such as cell proliferation and survival. Comparatively, little attention has been …

Extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) is a part of the mitogen-activated protein kinase
(MAPK) signaling pathway which allows the transduction of various cellular signals to final …

The responses of different organs are important for organisms against the toxicity of
environmental toxicants. So far, the neuronal response to nanoplastic exposure and the …

KRAS, NRAS, and BRAF mutations which activate p44/42 mitogen-activated protein kinase
(MAPK) signaling are found in half of myeloma patients and contribute to proteasome …

Gastric cancer, one of the most common malignant tumors of the digestive tract, is devoid of
effective treatment owing to its highly invasive ability. Aquaporins (AQPs), transmembrane …

Background. Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a common and serious complication in
premature infants. Lung fibroblasts (LFs) are present in the extracellular matrix and …

Simple Summary The future of cancer immunotherapy relies on a combination of individually
targeted therapies. However, a lot of experiments are needed to define the most effective …

Mutations that lead to constitutive activation of key regulators in cellular processes are one
of the most important drivers behind vigorous growth of cancer cells, and are thus prime …

Abstract Fibroblast Growth Factor (FGF) dependent signalling is frequently activated in
cancer by a variety of different mechanisms. However, the downstream signal transduction …

Ras GTPases convey signals from different types of membranes. At these locations, different
Ras isoforms, interactors and regulators generate different biochemical signals and …