After spinal cord injury, macrophages can exert either beneficial or detrimental effects
depending on their phenotype. Aside from their critical role in inflammatory responses …

Ischemic stroke, which is the second highest cause of death and the leading cause of
disability, represents~ 71% of all strokes globally. Some studies have found that the key …

The development of effective combined anti-retroviral therapy (cART) led to a significant
reduction in the death rate associated with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) …

Contrasting myelin damage through the generation of new myelinating oligodendrocytes
represents a promising approach to promote functional recovery after stroke. Here, we …

Tissue engineering is a promising strategy to repair spinal cord injury (SCI). However, a
bioscaffold with mechanical properties that match those of the pathological spinal cord …

Background Microglia are key regulators of the inflammatory response in the brain.
Adenosine in RNAs can be converted to m 6 A (N 6-methyladenosine), which regulates RNA …

Nicotine is the primary pharmacologic component of tobacco, and its highly addictive nature
is responsible for its widespread use and significant withdrawal effects that result in …

As an integral part of the innate immune system of the brain, resident microglia must react
rapidly to the onset of brain injury and neurological disease. These dynamic cells then …

Microglia are the innate immune cells of the central nervous system that adopt rapid
functional changes in response to Damage Associated Molecular Patterns, including …

Ischemic stroke is a debilitating disease and one of the leading causes of long-term
disability. During the early phase after ischemic stroke, the blood-brain barrier (BBB) exhibits …