Drug delivery through the skin offers many advantages such as avoidance of hepatic first-
pass metabolism, maintenance of steady plasma concentration, safety, and compliance over …

The current situation, heavily influenced by the ongoing pandemic, puts vaccines back into
the spotlight. However, the conventional and traditional vaccines present disadvantages …

Transdermal drug delivery is considered one of the most attractive routes for administration
of pharmaceutic and cosmetic active ingredients due to the numerous advantages …

ABSTRACT A microneedle array patch (MAP) has been developed as a new delivery
system for vaccines. Preclinical and clinical trials with a vaccine MAP showed improved …

Vaccines are an essential component of pandemic preparedness but can be limited due to
challenges in production and logistical implementation. While vaccine candidates were …

Recent advances in formulation sciences have expanded the previously limited design
space for biological modalities, including peptide, protein, and vaccine products. At the …

Viral infections causing pandemics and chronic diseases are the main culprits implicated in
devastating global clinical and socioeconomic impacts, as clearly manifested during the …

Introduction Infectious pathogens are global disrupters. Progress in biomedical science and
technology has expanded the public health arsenal against infectious diseases. Specifically …

In this study, a micro-molding technology was used to prepare the microneedles (MNs),
while a texture analyzer was used to measure its Young's modulus, Poisson's ratio and …

Transcutaneous immunization (TCI) is an appealing vaccination method. Compared with
conventional injectable immunization, TCI is easier and less painful. We previously …