When offshore oil and gas infrastructure is no longer needed, it is either removed, partially
removed, left in place, or left in place but repurposed. These processes are collectively …

Global change is striking harder and faster in the Mediterranean Sea than elsewhere, where
high levels of human pressure and proneness to climate change interact in modifying the …

The marine environment is being increasingly modified by the construction of artificial
structures, the impacts of which may be mitigated through eco-engineering. To date, eco …

With increasing maritime activities in the proximity of coral reefs, a growing number of
manmade structures are becoming available for coral colonisation. Yet, little is known about …

Increasing human population, urbanisation, and climate change have resulted in the
proliferation of hard coastal infrastructure such as seawalls and breakwaters. There is …

Marine infrastructures are increasing, generating a variety of impacts and introducing
artificial habitats which have low ecological value and support assemblages that differ …

1.4. Background The marine environment is highly biodiverse, and this biodiversity provides
essential goods and services to humans and enhances human well-being (Gamfeldt et al …

In response to the environmental damage caused by urbanization, Nature-based Solutions
(NbS) are being implemented to enhance biodiversity and ecosystem processes with mutual …

Positive species interactions such as facilitation are important for enabling species to persist,
especially in stressful conditions, and the nature and strength of facilitation varies along …

Estuaries have been armored with artificial habitat to protect coastal infrastructure from
erosion, but armoring may have negative ecological impacts. Other shoreline protection …