BACKGROUND Historical accounts linking cancer and microbes date as early as four
millennia ago. After establishment of the germ theory of infectious diseases, clinical research …

Most (if not all) tumors emerge and progress under a strong evolutionary pressure imposed
by trophic, metabolic, immunological, and therapeutic factors. The relative impact of these …

The clinical use of molecular targeted therapy is rapidly evolving but has primarily focused
on genomic alterations. Transcriptomic analysis offers an opportunity to dissect the …

Immune responses to cancer are highly variable, with mismatch repair-deficient (MMRd)
tumors exhibiting more anti-tumor immunity than mismatch repair-proficient (MMRp) tumors …

Background High tumor mutation burden (TMB-H) has been proposed as a predictive
biomarker for response to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB), largely due to the potential for …

The current treatment strategies in advanced malignancies remain limited. Notably,
immunotherapies have raised hope for a successful control of these advanced diseases, but …

Tumor microenvironment denotes the non-cancerous cells and components presented in
the tumor, including molecules produced and released by them. The constant interactions …

Immunotherapy is a mainstay of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) management. While
tumor mutational burden (TMB) correlates with response to immunotherapy, little is known …

A paradigm shift in the understanding of the exhausted CD8+ T cell (Tex) lineage is
underway. Originally thought to be a uniform population that progressively loses effector …

TGFβ signalling has key roles in cancer progression: most carcinoma cells have inactivated
their epithelial antiproliferative response and benefit from increased TGFβ expression and …