Severe covid-19 pneumonia has posed critical challenges for the research and medical
communities. Older age, male sex, and comorbidities increase the risk for severe disease …

Introduction SARS-CoV-2 is a novel virus that causes coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19).
Antiviral and immunomodulatory agents have been proposed as potential treatments …

Immune and inflammatory responses to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
(SARS-CoV-2) contribute to disease severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) …

Mechanisms underlying severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) disease remain
poorly understood. We analyze several thousand plasma proteins longitudinally in 306 …

Circulating concentrations of the pleiotropic cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6) are known to be
increased in pro-inflammatory critical care syndromes, such as sepsis and acute respiratory …

Our understanding of protective versus pathological immune responses to SARS-CoV-2, the
virus that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), is limited by inadequate profiling of …

The identification of elevated IL-6 levels in patients with severe COVID-19 led to the rapid
development of clinical trials targeting this cytokine. Overall, these trials do not support the …

With the increasing prevalence of obesity, there is a growing awareness of its impact on
infectious diseases. In past epidemics of influenza A and Middle East respiratory syndrome …

Exposure to air pollutants has been previously associated with respiratory viral infections,
including influenza, measles, mumps, rhinovirus, and respiratory syncytial virus …

SARS-CoV-2 causes a spectrum of COVID-19 disease, the immunological basis of which
remains ill defined. We analyzed 85 SARS-CoV-2-infected individuals at acute and/or …