Opioids were the most common drug class resulting in overdose deaths in the United States
in 2019. Widespread clinical use of prescription opioids for moderate to severe pain …

Parallel to the growing use of kratom, there is a wealth of evidence from self-report,
preclinical, and early clinical studies on therapeutic benefits of its alkaloids in particular for …

Kratom alkaloids have mostly been evaluated for their opioid activity but less at other targets
that could contribute to their physiological effects. Here, we investigated the in vitro and in …

The leaves of Mitragyna speciosa (kratom), a plant native to Southeast Asia, are increasingly
used as a pain reliever and for attenuation of opioid withdrawal symptoms. Using the tools of …

Mitragynine and 7-hydroxymitragynine (7OH) are the major alkaloids mediating the
biological actions of the psychoactive plant kratom. To investigate the structure–activity …

Relationships between µ-opioid receptor (MOR) efficacy and effects of mitragynine and 7-
hydroxymitragynine are not fully established. We assessed in vitro binding affinity and …

Kratom, Mitragyna speciosa Korth., is being widely consumed in the United States for pain
management and the reduction of opioid withdrawal symptoms. The central nervous system …

Preparations from the leaves of the kratom plant (Mitragyna speciosa) are consumed for
their opioid-like effects. Several deaths have been associated with kratom used …

Speciociliatine is a minor indole alkaloid found in kratom, a southeast Asian medicinal plant,
used for centuries to increase energy, enhance mood, and mitigate pain and opioid …

Kratom (Mitragyna speciosa) is a tree native to Southeast Asia with long history of traditional
medicinal use. The aim of this study was to investigate the nature of self-reported …