Pathogens pose a severe threat to food safety and human health. The traditional methods
for pathogen detection can't meet the growing diagnosis and control need. Digital PCR …

Although antiretroviral therapies (ARTs) potently inhibit HIV replication, they do not eradicate
the virus. HIV persists in cellular and anatomical reservoirs that show minimal decay during …

Clonal expansion of infected CD4+ T cells is a major mechanism of HIV-1 persistence and a
barrier to achieving a cure. Potential causes are homeostatic proliferation, effects of HIV-1 …

INTRODUCTION HIV-1 has high mutation rates and exists as mutant swarms within the host.
The adaptive immune system recognizes cognate epitopes based on amino acid sequences …

Latent intact HIV-1 proviruses persist in a small subset of long-lived CD4+ T cells that can
undergo clonal expansion in vivo. Expanded clones of CD4+ T cells dominate latent …

Clonal expansion of HIV-infected cells contributes to the long-term persistence of the HIV
reservoir in ART-suppressed individuals. However, the contribution from cell clones that …

Antiretroviral therapy (ART) allows suppressed viremia to reach less than 50 copies/mL in
most treated persons living with HIV (PLWH). However, the existence of PLWH that show …

Combination antiretroviral therapy (ART) to treat human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
infection has proven remarkably successful–for those who can access and afford it–yet HIV …

Antiretroviral therapy controls HIV replication but does not eliminate the virus from the
infected host. The persistence of a small pool of cells harboring integrated and replication …

HIV cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) escape, where HIV is suppressed in blood but detectable in
CSF, occurs when HIV persists in the CNS despite antiretroviral therapy (ART). To determine …