Parkinson's disease (PD) usually presents in older adults and typically has both motor and
non-motor dysfunctions. PD is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder resulting from …

In addition to ATP synthesis, mitochondria are highly dynamic organelles that modulate
apoptosis, ferroptosis, and inflammasome activation. Through executing these varied …

The central nervous system (CNS) encompasses the brain and spinal cord and is
considered the processing center and the most vital part of human body. The central …

Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder of the
elderly, presenting primarily with symptoms of motor impairment. The disease is diagnosed …

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive nervous system disorder. Until now, the molecular
mechanism of its occurrence is not fully understood. Paraquat (PQ) was identified as a …

A prevalent symptom of Parkinson's disease (PD) is hypomimia—reduced facial
expressions. In this paper, we present a method for diagnosing PD that utilizes the study of …

Neurodegenerative diseases are pathologies of the central and peripheral nervous systems
characterized by loss of brain functions and problems in movement which occur due to the …

The number of people diagnosed with neurodegenerative diseases is on the rise. Many of
these diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, and …

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a multifactorial neurodegenerative disorder that currently affects
1% of the population over the age of 60 years, and for which no disease-modifying …

Parkin and α-synuclein are two key proteins involved in the pathophysiology of Parkinson's
disease (PD). Neurotoxic alterations of α-synuclein that lead to the formation of toxic …