Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) are a class of receptors that can directly recognize the
specific molecular structures on the surface of pathogens, apoptotic host cells, and damaged …

Immunotherapy has revolutionized cancer treatment and substantially improved patient
outcome with regard to multiple tumour types. However, most patients still do not benefit …

Anti-MDA5 dermatomyositis is a rare systemic autoimmune disease, historically described in
Japanese patients with clinically amyopathic dermatomyositis and life-threatening rapidly …

Retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I)-like receptors (RLRs) are RNA sensor molecules that
play essential roles in innate antiviral immunity. Among the three RLRs encoded by the …

Summary Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a current global health threat caused by
the novel coronavirus severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) …

The innate immune system is the first line of the host defense program against pathogens
and harmful substances. Antiviral innate immune responses can be triggered by multiple …

COVID-19 is characterized by excessive production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and acute
lung damage associated with patient mortality. While multiple inflammatory cytokines are …

RIG‐I is our first line of defense against RNA viruses, serving as a pattern recognition
receptor that identifies molecular features common among dsRNA and ssRNA viral …

SARS‐CoV‐2 infection causes broad‐spectrum immunopathological disease, exacerbated
by inflammatory co‐morbidities. A better understanding of mechanisms underpinning virus …

The recently emerged severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2),
which is the causative agent of ongoing global pandemic of COVID-19, may trigger …