Lyme disease (Lyme borreliosis) is a tick-borne, zoonosis of adults and children caused by
genospecies of the Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato complex. The ailment, widespread …

Infectious agents can trigger autoimmune responses in a number of chronic inflammatory
diseases. Lyme arthritis, which is caused by the tick-transmitted spirochaete Borrelia …

B cell subsets differ in development, tissue distribution, and mechanisms of activation. In
response to infections, however, all can differentiate into extrafollicular plasmablasts that …

Glycolipids are complex glycoconjugates composed of a glycan headgroup and a lipid
moiety. Their modular biosynthesis creates a vast amount of diverse and often isomeric …

Innate (-like) T lymphocytes such as natural killer T (NKT) cells play a pivotal role in the
recognition of microbial infections and their subsequent elimination. They frequently localize …

The mammalian host responds to infection with Borrelia spirochetes through a highly
orchestrated immune defense involving innate and adaptive effector functions aimed toward …

Numerous clinical observations and exploitation of cellular and animal models indicate that
glucosylceramide (GlcCer) and galactosylceramide (GalCer) are involved in many …

The immune system must work in an orchestrated way to achieve an optimal response upon
detection of antigens. The cells comprising the immune response are traditionally divided …

Monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG) is the most abundant type of glycoglycerolipid found
in the plant cell membrane and mostly in the chloroplast thylakoid membrane. The …

It is now appreciated that a group of lymphoid lineage cells, collectively called innate-like
effector lymphocytes, have evolved to integrate information relayed by the innate sensory …