Drought stress, which causes a decline in quality and quantity of crop yields, has become
more accentuated these days due to climatic change. Serious measures need to be taken to …

Abscisic acid (ABA) is a stress hormone that accumulates under different abiotic and biotic
stresses. A typical effect of ABA on leaves is to reduce transpirational water loss by closing …

Plants face different types of stresses, including biotic and abiotic stresses. Among various
abiotic stress, low-temperature stress alters various morphological, cytological …

Polyamines play a fundamental role in the functioning of all cells. Their regulatory role in
plant development, their function under stress conditions, and their metabolism have been …

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted by microorganisms have demonstrated an
important role to improve growth and tolerance against abiotic stress on plants. Most studies …

Salinity, one of the catastrophic abiotic stresses that uces wheat production around the
globe. Abscisic acid (ABA) is a stress phytohormone as a signaling molecule that led us to …

Climate change imposes intensive dry conditions in most grape-growing regions. Drought
stress is one of the most devastating abiotic factors threatening grape growth, yield, and fruit …

Drought stress alters gene expression and causes cellular damage in crop plants. Drought
inhibits photosynthesis by reducing the content and the activity of the photosynthetic carbon …

Heat stress adversely affects plants growth potential. Global warming is reported to increase
in the intensity, frequency, and duration of heatwaves, eventually affecting ecology …

Biostimulants hold great potential for developing integrated sustainable agriculture systems.
The rhizobacteria Azotobacter chroococcum strain 76A and the fungus Trichoderma …