Hundreds of land plant lineages have independently evolved separate sexes in either
gametophytes (dioicy) or sporophytes (dioecy), but 43% of all dioecious angiosperms are …

Genetic degeneration is an extraordinary feature of sex chromosomes, with the loss of
functions of Y-linked genes in species with XY systems, and W-linked genes in ZW systems …

The attention given to heteromorphism and genetic degeneration of “classical sex
chromosomes”(Y chromosomes in XY systems, and the W in ZW systems that were studied …

Abstract About 15,000 angiosperm species (∼ 6%) have separate sexes, a phenomenon
known as dioecy. Why dioecious taxa are so rare is still an open question. Early work …

How consistent are the evolutionary trajectories of sex chromosomes shortly after they form?
Insights into the evolution of recombination, differentiation, and degeneration can be …

We review how epigenetics affect sex chromosome evolution in animals and plants. In a few
species, sex is determined epigenetically through the action of Y-encoded small RNAs …

Chromosomal organization is relatively stable among avian species, especially with regards
to sex chromosomes. Members of the large Sylvioidea clade however have a pair of neo-sex …

Organisms have evolved various mechanisms to cope with the differences in the gene copy
numbers between sexes caused by degeneration of Y and W sex chromosomes. Complete …

Premise One evolutionary path from hermaphroditism to dioecy is via a gynodioecious
intermediate. The evolution of dioecy may also coincide with the formation of sex …

Background Sex chromosomes are in some species largely undifferentiated (homomorphic)
with restricted sex determination regions. Homomorphic but different sex chromosomes are …