A paradigm shift in the understanding of the exhausted CD8+ T cell (Tex) lineage is
underway. Originally thought to be a uniform population that progressively loses effector …

Simple Summary Since the targeting of a single pro-angiogenic factor fails to improve
oncological disease outcome, significant efforts have been made to identify new pro …

Tumor-infiltrating myeloid cells (TIMs) are key regulators in tumor progression, but the
similarity and distinction of their fundamental properties across different tumors remain …

Immunotherapies have revolutionized intervention strategies for many primary cancers, but
have not improved the outcomes of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), which remains one of …

Cytokines are critical for intercellular communication in human health and disease, but the
investigation of cytokine signaling activity has remained challenging due to the short half …

A potentially curative hepatic resection is the optimal treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma
(HCC), but most patients are not candidates for resection and most resected HCCs …

In a recent phase 3 randomized trial of 700 patients with advanced urothelial cancer
(JAVELIN Bladder 100; NCT02603432), avelumab/best supportive care (BSC) significantly …

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) mainly includes Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative
colitis (UC). Immune disorders play an essential role in the pathogenesis of these two IBDs …

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), as one of the innovative types of immunotherapies,
including programmed cell death-1 (PD-1), programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), and …

Abstract Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory
syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has become a global pandemic. Clinical evidence …