Despite continuous advances in understanding the underlying pathogenesis of
hyperexcitable networks and lowered seizure thresholds, the treatment of epilepsy remains …

The physiological function of free fatty acids (FFAs) has long been regarded as indirect in
terms of their activities as educts and products in metabolic pathways. The observation that …

Adenosine is one of the most ancient signaling molecules and has receptors in both animals
and plants. In mammals there are four specific receptors, A 1, A 2A, A 2B, and A 3, which …

Neuronal survival depends on the glia, that is, on the astroglial and microglial support.
Neurons die and microglia are activated not only in neurodegenerative diseases but also in …

Caffeine is commonly used to combat high sleep pressure on a daily basis. However,
interference with sleep–wake regulation could disturb neural homeostasis and insufficient …

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is the foremost cause of global disability, being
responsible for enormous personal, societal, and economical costs. Importantly, existing …

Essential tremor (ET) is one of the most common neurological disorders that often affects
people in the prime of their lives, leading to a significant reduction in their quality of life …

Cognitive dysfunction is one of the core symptoms in schizophrenia, and it is predictive of
functional outcomes and therefore useful for treatment targets. Rather than improving …

Acute caffeine intake can delay sleep initiation and reduce sleep intensity, particularly when
consumed in the evening. However, it is not clear whether these sleep disturbances …

Interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS) is a type of chronic bladder inflammation
characterized by increased voiding frequency, urgency and pelvic pain. The sensitization of …